12th Summary

My Opinion :)
This week, We have last class.
I'm so sad.

11th Summary (etc.)

This week (20080601~20080607), We have no class.

Because we will replace conference to class,
But we don't have enough time for conference.

So I don't saw conference.

Actually, I'm very interesting that conference.

So I think that I will go school early and see conference.

But I'm so tired that morning, So I'm sleep go on.
(But I don't late chaple! Why? Because I'm faithful student.... hahaha;)




I feel inconvenienced by the lack of that I didn't saw conference a little.

10th Summary

20080521 & 20080523

Introduction to information technology
The Global school of Media – Class B (나)






surveillance

close watch kept over someone or something
Etymology: French, from surveiller to watch over, from sur- + veiller to watch, from Latin vigilare, from vigil watchful
“They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.”
Benjamin Franklin, 1759 Historical Review of Pennsylvania




technologies of surveillance

example: Viisage & Superbowl XXXV
the company: www.viisage.com
the technology: Eigenfaces
http://vismod.media.mit.edu/vismod/demos/facerec/basic.html



patriot act and post 9/11

Aclu’s analysis
see http://www.aclu.org/SafeandFree/SafeandFree.cfm?ID=11813&c=207
new powers of surveillance, search and seizure
threat to the first, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth and fourteenth amendments of the U.S. Constitution




★ surveillance model versus capture model

surveillance model: is built upon visual metaphors and derives from historical experiences of secret police surveillance

capture model: is built upon linguistic metaphors and takes as its prototype the deliberate reorganization of industrial work activities to allow computers to track them [the work activities] in real time
Agre, p. 740





※ privacy: a definition

1.
a. the quality or state of being apart from company or observation
b. SECLUSION: freedom from unauthorized intrusion (one's)
2. archaic : a place of seclusion

source: Merriam Webster

※ privacy: a culturally specific definition

Does the U.S. Bill of Rights define an individual’s “right to privacy”?
Not explicitly, but...
inferrably: e.g., Amendment IV: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
implicitly: e.g., Amendment IX: The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.






★ Lessig on architecture

★ Lessig on code and architecture

★ Lessig on architecture of privacy




☆ cookies

cookies are information that a web server stores on the machine running a web browser
try clearing all of the cookies in your web browser and the visit web sites that you have been.


☆ data mining task

☆ data mining applications


※ technologies and architectures of privacy

※ architectures and inefficiencies














My Opinion :)

This Week, We talk about Public & Privacy.

First, I think Privacy is very important thing for every person.
And Everybody think, too.

Actually, I know cookies.
When I was a middle school student, I studied about computer.
I studied about cookies & CPU & RAM & etc at that time.
So I remember cookies that used in internet.

I want to remember many things that I studied at middle school student.
But It is not easy….


Next week,
We leave last topic ‘authorship & ownership’.
I’m studying hard at last!
See you Next week~

9th Summary

20080514 & 20080516

Introduction to information technology
The Global school of Media – Class B (나)



media as extensions or prostheses

“All media are extensions of some human faculty -- psychic or physical.”
“The wheel is an extension of the foot...
the book is an extension of the eye...
clothing, an extension of the skin...”
*six million dollar man / Aimee Mullins



ratio of the senses

McLuhan, in Understanding Media, claims that every new medium institutes new ratios between our senses.
McLuhan does not say that new media are replacements for older media.
Instead, McLuhan's idea is that the introduction of new media serve as "extensions" to ourselves and, simultaneously, they "amputate" various capacities of subjectivity.
compare this to the common and very different pronouncement that “media are converging” and the computer is the locus of convergence

“What I am saying is that media as extensions of our senses institute new ratios, not only among our private senses, but among themselves, when they interact among themselves. Radio changed the form of the news story as much as it altered the film image in the talkies. TV caused drastic changes in radio programming, and in the form of the thing or documentary novel. It is the poets and painters who react instantly to a new medium like radio or TV." from Marshall McLuhan Understanding media: the extensions of man (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964)





★ media as mirrors versus media as prostheses

medium as mirror
we see “ourselves” in the medium
medium as prosthesis
we are radically altered by a medium





☆ a definition of media studies

media studies is the theory and practice of exploring how people and things are connected, reflected, extended, reconfigured, and separated by technologies and techniques
media as mirrors
media as machinations
media as prostheses

digital media studies is a kind of media studies that pays especial attention to the techniques and technologies of computers and computer networks




identity and cyborgs: identity and affinity
what is a cyborg?
a comparison of
democratic, liberal politics;
identity politics;
biopolitics; and,
cyborg politics
who is Donna Haraway?
a reading of the “cyborg manifesto”
identity and performance: identity and difference
RL (real life?)
identity tourism
passing




※ who/what is a cyborg?

do you wear a prosthesis? e.g., do you wear contact lenses or eyeglasses?
do you take any medications?
have you ever had an immunization?
do you depend upon any form of technology for transportation?
how would your life be affected if the power grid was shut off permanently?
do you ever eat food or drink water that has been processed?
in short, how intimately tied are you to technology?




※ biopolitics versus cyborg politics


★ who is Donna Haraway?
“My work has always been about what counts as nature.” Haraway, p. 51 of How Like a Leaf
Publications
Crystals, Fabrics and Fields
Primate Visions
Simians Cyborgs and Women
Modest_Witness
The Companion Species Manifesto: Dogs, People and Significant Otherness


☆ the cyborg as organizing myth

“There is nothing about being “female” that naturally binds women.”
“No objects, spaces or bodies are sacred in themselves; any component can be interfaced with any other if the proper standard, the proper code, can be constructed for processing signals in a common language.”
“The cyborg is a kind of disassembled and reassembled, post-modern collective and personal self. This is the self feminists must code.”
Haraway, p. 519

My Opinion :)

This week, we talk about human.
This topic is very easy and very hard.

Actually, I’m a human. I know about me, well. (Better the other people)
But, I don’t know me exactly. Who I am? Where I am come from?
So, I’m afraid this topic. But I heard this lecture, I know human a little.

And We saw six million dollar man.
That movie is very interesting. I’m so surprised that movie.

Six million dollar man is a disability man.
In movie, He attached robot arm, leg… etc.

It (robot arm, leg… etc) is very interesting thing, But I don’t want to attached to me.

Next week, We talk about public & privacy.
Privacy is very important thing in www and our society.

I’m so expect next class too.
See you later~

8th Summary

20080507 & 20080509

Introduction to information technology
The Global school of Media – Class B (나)




[ Computer Game ]

prologue, game, pain station
computer games: how do they work?
how do they work “behind the screen”? i.e., how do they work from the perspective of an engineer?
a simple example of pong
how do they work “in front of the screen”? i.e., how do they work for the audience or participant?
Sherry Turkle on computer games and processes of identification
Henry Jenkins on computer games, gender and space





★ what’s in a game engine?

graphics
physics
ai
...and a lot more


☆ Game "mods"

Mod (modification: fps, rpgs, real-time strategy games)
by general public or developer
can be entirely new games in themselves
partial conversions (total conversions)
example development environment: epic’s unreal engine: http://udn.epicgames.com/Two/WebHome



＠ games research and development

example groups and events:
the game developers’ conference: http://www.gdconf.com/
game studies: academic journal: http://gamestudies.org/
research groups:
academic: e.g., Center for Computer Games Research, IT University of Copenhagen
industry: and, of course, the folks at Microsoft, Electronic Arts, etc.
art:
e.g., the show Bang the Machine: Computer Gaming Art and Artifacts
e.g., alternative games competition, Rhizome.org at the New Museum, New York City, March 2004



※ what makes a good game?

- play? or, story?
- realism? or, is it something else?



○ history of computer games

see http://www.videotopia.com/games.htm
see SpaceWar! on the CD for the NMR
see The Applet Arcade: http://www.theappletarcade.com/
do games get better and better every year?
how? is it
play? or,
story? or,
realism? or, is it
something else?
or maybe they don’t get better every year? maybe they get worse?


● two issues to consider from film theory

1. identification: Sherry Turkle on identification
2. space: Henry Jenkins on space and gender


▷ video games discussed by turkle

space war
pong
asteroids
pac man
joust
adventure
working versions: web.utanet.at/nkehrer/jae.html
history of video games: high score: the illustrated history of electronic games by Rusel Demaria & Johnny Wilson (mcgraw-hill, 2002)



＃space: what’s a boy’s space?
＃space: what’s a girl’s space?
＃Games and Gender.
what’s a girl’s game? The Sims?
what’s a boy’s game? Counter-Strike?

what about Asteroids? Space Invaders? Joust? Tetris?
remember the thirteen-year-old girl in a small family café in New York City’s Little Italy who is playing Asteroids at the beginning of Turkle’s article.





My Opinion :)

This week, We talk about 'Computer-Game'.
First, I'm thinking about the topic -
we played, thought, saw - "GAME".

But I felt this topic's 'game' isn't the game that we thought.


First class of this week (5/7), We saw Pain station.
At first, When I saw that, I think it is very interest thing.
Because It seems very "INTEREST".


And we talked about ‘space’.
I think very interesting topic.
We saw relationship between topic and gender about game.

Actually, We didn’t feel this difference. But we agree this topic.

I don’t like game but I think ‘game’ is very interesting and surprising program.
This month, I make the game. Because It is assignment of ‘Programming and lab 1’ (Prof. Waran).
It is very strict work. But I think it is very happy work.
Because It is wonderful work. I saw that the program was finish.

Actually, The game we made is very short game. But I’m happy.

Next week, We talk about ‘medium as prosthesis’.
Medium? Prosthesis?
I don’t understand next week’s topic.
See you later~!

7th Summary

20080430 & 20080502

Introduction to information technology
The Global school of Media – Class B (나)



[ computer-aid ]


intro Modern Times by Charlie Chaplin

CSCW: computer-supported cooperative work

Winograd and Flores
the language/action perspective of work
a diagram of a conversation for action


:) Key point
: Every digital media technology has an architecture using diagrams to compare physical
architectures with digital architectures


Agre : the surveillance model, architectures of surveillance.
the capture model & its relation to Winograd and Flores


:) CSCW
: computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) is a field of research and design.
(ex: CAD/CAM, ABB Powerwall, Drug Design)
Researchers in this field investigate how people work together in groups,
and design computer-systems and networks to enable or facilitate group work.

:) CSCW is considered to a part of a larger field known as CHI or HCI
: human-computer interaction (HCI) design, evaluation, implementation,
and study of interactive computing systems for human use.

Practitioners include Lucy Suchman, Terry Winograd and Fernando Flores (as well as several hundred others in university and corporate research laboratories).



:) Winograd and Flores
: Winograd and Flores present a methodology for CSCW analysis and design. This methodology is commonly known as the “language/action” perspective.


:) Winograd and Flores: model of conversation
Conversations are sequences of actions because by saying things people are understood to be doing things;

example : a diagram of a conversation for action




:) Key point
Every digital media technology has an architecture that can be used to transform work,
play and governance.

related ideas:
:) Key point (from earlier in the course): People make media and then media make people.
Larry Lessig on digital and legal codes and on the legal implications of the architecture of cyberspace Oscar Gandy on the “panoptic sort” and the panoptic architecture of cyberspace.
(we will read Lessig and Gandy later in the course)




:) physical architecture and digital architecture
For example, The Social Logic of Space (1990)
by Bill Hillier and Julienne Hanson
- This book presents a general theory of physical architecture influences social relationships.





:) What is the architecture of cyberspace?
Consider the hardware and software that links together (or separates) groups of people



※ keypoint 5: People make media and then media make people.

Winston Churchill said, "We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us." quoted in Stewart Brand, How Buildings Learn, 1994

“...the world determines what we can do and what we do determines our world.” Winograd and Flores, p. 559



:) five stage cycle of grammars of action

analysis
articulation
imposition
instrumentation
elaboration
Agre, p. 746-747















My Opinion :)
This week, We talked about ‘computer-aid’.
I saw many interesting things about ‘computer-aid’. (maybe…)
First, I was surprised at many things that we saw.

I have many expectation, but I don’t have many satisfaction.

Actually, I don’t understand very well.
Because Dr. yoon (It’s YOU!) is very busy.
So You told very quickly.

I heard expectly, But I don’t understand well.
Sorry.

6th Summary

Introduction to information technology

April 23th & 25th.
- global school of MEDIA , Class B.






People often interact with media technologies as though the technologies were people.

related ideas
- Clifford and Nash, “the media equation”
- Freud, transference
: see also Sherry Turkle on computers as “second selves” and as “evocative objects”
- surrealists, “automatic writing” (recall Tristan Tzara’s “recipe”)
- Mannheim/Schutz/Garfinkel, the “documentary method”






related points: ethics

related points: aesthetics & teleology

related points: aesthetics & teleology

related points: design




history of HCI (from a tool-building perspective)

history of HCI as tools: people

history of HCI as tools: systems

history of HCI as tools: funding







where does HCI meet AI?
basic design question: should the computer act like a person?
agents versus “direct manipulation”
e.g., Ben Schneiderman versus Pattie Maes (sigchi, 1997)
even “direct-manipulation” interfaces are based on a “conversation” metaphor: the computer responds immediately to each action or command from the “user”
but, there are (at least) two models of conversation
information/intention transmission
inspirations for ai: e.g., Paul Grice, pragmatics
co-construction of meaning
ethnomethodology: e.g., Harvey Sacks, conversation analysis
Boring? ok.. let’s watch some movie related to HCI generally.
hci lesson from “Sleeper”
1) Reliability
2) Personalization
3) if it isn’t broken, don’t fix it
4) intuitive UI design





Cf) Johnstone’s “algorithm”






ethnomethodology: a definition

ethnomethodology
- Ethnomethodology differs from other sociological perspectives in one very important respect:
Ethnomethodologists assume that social order is illusory. They believe that social life merely appears to be orderly; in reality it is potentially chaotic. For them social order is constructed in the minds of social actors as society confronts the individual as a series of sense impressions and experiences which she or he must somehow organise into a coherent pattern.
Simon Poore, http://www.hewett.norfolk.sch.uk/curric/soc/ethno/intro.htm



ref) Lucy Suchman











My Opinion J

: This Week, We talk about HCI.
HCI is human-computer interaction.
Through Interaction between human and computer,
We got many thing. For example, We got information.


First, I think HCI is one thing about chemistry.
In Chemistry, HCI is ‘염산’.
I learned about ‘염산’ in high school, so I think HCI is ‘염산’.
But I know, HCI is ‘Human-Computer Interaction’ now.


Actually, I have many think about HCI,
But I don’t concentrate class very well. Because we have ‘mid-exam’.


Next week, We talk about ‘Computer-aid’.
Aid?
I don’t know anything about ‘aid’.

So I have many expectation. See you next class~

5th Summary

Introduction to information technology
- April 11th. (Class 나)



AI (Artificial Intelligence) : The Founding document.


Who was Turing? : Founder of computer science,
artificial intelligence, mathematician, philosopher, codebreaker, and a gay man.


Alan Turing. (1912-1954)

1912 (23 June): Birth, Paddington, London
1926-31: Sherborne School
1931-34: Undergraduate at King's College, Cambridge University
1932-35: Quantum mechanics, probability, logic
1935: Elected fellow of King's College, Cambridge
1936: The Turing machine, computability, universal machine
1936-38: Princeton University. Ph.D. Logic, algebra, number theory
1938-39: Return to Cambridge. Introduced to German Enigma cipher machine
1939-40: The Bombe, machine for Enigma decryption
1939-42: Breaking of U-boat Enigma, saving battle of the Atlantic
1943-45: Chief Anglo-American crypto consultant. Electronic work.
1945: National Physical Laboratory, London
1946: Computer and software design leading the world.
1947-48: Programming, neural nets, and artificial intelligence
1948: Manchester University
1949: First serious mathematical use of a computer
1950: The Turing Test for machine intelligence
1951: Elected FRS. Non-linear theory of biological growth
1952: Arrested as a homosexual, loss of security clearance
1953-54: Unfinished work in biology and physics
1954 (7 June): Death (suicide) by cyanide poisoning, Wilmslow, Cheshire.





cf 1. Turing’s “imitation game”
cf 2. Walker/Sack/Walker “online Caroline”






☻ Artificial Intelligence: a definition

“... artificial intelligence [AI] is the science of making machines do things
that would require intelligence [as] if done by [humans]” - Marvin Minsky, 1963


☻ Artificial Intelligence: research areas

Knowledge Representation
Programming Languages
Natural Language (e.g., Story) Understanding
Speech Understanding
Vision
Robotics
Machine Learning
Planning
etc.






- planning as a technical problem

We saw Tower of Hanoi.




- story generation as planning

James Meehan, "The Metanovel: Writing Stories by Computer", Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1976.




- problems with story generation: missing common sense

Examples of Tale-spin’s missing common sense (w/real human) (from Meehan, 1976)
Answers to questions can take more than one form.
Don’t always take answers literally.
You can notice things without being told about them.
Stories aren’t really stories if they don’t have a central problem.
Sometimes enough is enough.
Schizophrenia can be dis-functional.




- story understanding as a plan recognition problem

- story understanding as a plan recognition

demo: micro-sam
Richard Cullingford,
“Script application: computer understanding of newspaper stories,”
Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1977.



- question answering as a problem
ELIZA as a “solution”



- Institute of Artificial Art Amsterdam

Huge Harry
epilogue A.I. Neo



















J My Opinion

This Week,
We talk about AI (Artificial Intelligence).


We saw Alan Turing’s Game.
I think it is very interesting and surprise game.
I want to play that game.
It is very interesting!

And Turing’s inventions are very wonderful.
I think, He may genius.
His life is “a life full of ups and downs.”





And, We talk about many thing.
But I don’t remember many thing because I’m very busy. (mid-exam… next week ㅠ_ㅠ)

I’m going to study. I’m sorry that summary is very shabby.

See you next Friday (april 18th).

4th Summary

Introduction to information technology (4/2)
Class – 나




KEY POINT
: New media technologies usually reinforce existing social networks or even work to isolate people.
Example : 고립된 사람들, 방안에서 Key board 만 두드리는 사람들 etc.
: (But) When new media technologies facilitate new social networks, they simultaneously challenge existing social, political and economic relationships.





OUT LINE
: Social Networks as Science ; field – (cf). 간 학제 / 학제 간
Technology
Popular Culture
Art
Cf. network : know “each other”


☞Social Networks as science : field
: Social Network analysis is and interdisciplinary social science, but has been of especial concern to sociologists;

: Recently, physicists and mathematicians have made large contributions to understanding networks in general (as graphs) and thus contributed to and understanding of social networks too.




○Social Networks as science : definition
- social actors : people
- the links : relationships

; important consequences
; opportunities
; potential constraints on their behavior
; the patterning of links among actors
; uncovering the antecedents and consequences of recurrent patterns




○Social Networks as science : history
: J.L. Moreno (1934) Friendship choices between 4th grade boys (triangles) and girls (circles)
: Stanley Milgram (1967) “The Small World Problem,” Psychology Today
Milgram sent 60 letters to various recruits in Wichita, Kansas who were asked to forward the letter to the wife of a divinity student living at a specified location in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The participants could only pass the letters (by hand) to personal acquaintances who they thought might be able to reach the target - whether directly or via a "friend of a friend".
: “six-degrees of separation” (*degree : step)
: Mark Granovetter, “The Strength of Weak Ties”
Sometimes acquaintances are more valuable than friends (e.g., when one is looking for a job).
- weak relationship > strong relationship




○Social Networks as science : Social Captipal




○Social networks as science: bowling alone




☞ Social networks as technology
: email, newsgroups, and weblogs
: in the design of the arpanet (the forerunner to the internet) email was an afterthought!









★Social Network as sicence : Equivalence
: Centrality
: Bridges (to the another network)
: Social Capital
: Bowling alone






Introduction to information technology (4/4)
Class – 나




☞ Social Networks as popular culture
: six-degrees of Kevin Bacon
: Bacon Number ; definition
Cf. Kevin bacon has bacon number of 0.

♬ Oracle of bacon (; oracle : 예언자)
Cf. MOVIE “Matrix”




0. “Fixing” the networks : e.g., Google hacking try the query “miserable failure” at google.com

Vizster
1. Dynamin / visualization
Cf. Danah (she major “political Science”.)




☞ Social Networks as art
0. Ben discore’s Friendster Map : well, I can do that using cyworld.


*Visualizing (social) Networks
Map : visualization


*artificial intelligence













My Opinion J

This Week, We talk about “NETWORK”.
It is very interesting topic, so I really concentrated this class.
But I don’t understand anything about “NETWORK”, because It is interesting and difficult topic.

April 9th, We have no class, because April 9th is election day.
So I don’t go to the school.
And I will reading a book.
(About ‘Introduction to information technology’ Equal understand media.)

Mid exam is coming up. (already next week i_i)
I’m so tired, so I write my opinion a little. Sorry.

See You Friday~

3rd Summary

Introduction to information technology (3/26)
Class – 나


WWW : KEY POINT
ㅡ People make media and then media make people → Winston Churchill about architecture.






URL
URI (Universal Resource Identifiers)
URM







☺ What is the stated motivation of the research?
“The WWW was developed to be a pool of human knowledge, which would allow collaborators in remote sites to share their ideas and all aspects of a common project.”


☻ Question. What is the www?
(Answer) 1. A collaboratively authored hypertext.
(Answer) 2. It is a standard


☻ Organizations and Standards
the practical politics of classifying and standardizing :
1. arriving at categories and standards,
2. deciding what will be visible/invisible within the system


Cf.
ISO : International Standards Organization
ISO is a network of national standards institutes from 145 countries working in partnership with international organizations, governments, industry, business and consumer representatives. It acts as a bridge between public and private sector. It has created over 12,000 standards.

IETF : Internet Engineering Task Force
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a large open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. It is open to any interested individual.

RFC : Request For Comments
W3C : World Wide Web Consortium.
Develops Web standard & Guidelines




☺ Cf. 백남준 (Back Nam Jun) (1932~2006)

Exposition of Music
TV (1963)
(1963)








Introduction to information technology (3/28)
Class – 나



URI : Universal Resource Identifier)
URI (SSU NAME)
URN (persistent location : declare)

Protocol : http, ftp, mailto
Scheme : path (server / directory / file after : )
Urn : in a specific name, a specific resource


Html : HyperText Markup Language
html is derived from sgml (standard generalize markup language)

Http : HyperText Transfer Protocol
http is an internet protocol designed for transferring information for hypertext documents.

☻ What is a network protocol? a set of rules used when computers send information across the network


Compare – ftp
smtp
nntp
etc.



☻ Question. What is the www?
Answer 3. The www is a vast, heterogeneous network of people and machines.




Cf.
Lisa jevbratt
Mark napier - shredder








My Opinion J

This week,
We talk about ‘www’ (WWW : World Wide Web). I think it is very interesting topic.
But I don’t concentration, Sorry. (Because I had caught a cold. I’m so sick. i_i)

WWW is very big and fast.
That Space ( : www) (?) is very fantastic.

And We saw API.
That flash file is Information Visualization. That information is Web site Naver‘s ‘인기검색어’.
I’m very surprise at flash. It is so interesting.
I want to make that file.


I think, it (ISO, IETF, RFC, W3C) is difficult word.
So I searched internet. And I attached that information.

April 11th is Mid exam.
So I will read the book – Understanding Media. (Welcome to the present… etc.)

2nd Summary

정보기술개론

3. 21 - class ‘나’





Today's Focus
- What are digital media?
> Value? Communication?



● A key points
- When a medium is new, it is often used to simulate old media.
- New media do not replace old media, they (new media) displace them (old media).


☻both of these points are paraphrases of ideas from Marshall Mcluhan's book
.


Hyper text : One way that digital media has been understood is an new forms of writing, reading & thinking.




cf.
dada poem
cut-up








☺Engel bart : CV (continued…)
- Computing of the 1960’s batch processing : 일괄처리, 배치처리
- 1963 – sketch pen system.
- engel bart's nls demo
　mouse, windows …
- engel bart's motivation
　"Man's population and gross product are incresing at a considerable rate, but the complexity of his problems grows still faster, and the urgency with which solutions must be found becomessteadily greater in response to the increased rate of activity and the increasingly global nature of that activity. Augmenting man's intellect, in the sense defined above, would warrant full pursuit by and enlightened society if there could be shown a reasonable approach and some plausible benefits."
- engel bart : stated problem
　"Augmenting human intellect"
　= better & faster comprehension + better & faster & more solutions to problems
　“By 'augmenting human intellect' we mean increasing the capability of a man to approach a complex problem situation, to gain comprehension to suit his particular needs, and to derive solutions to problems."
- engel bart : funding
　stanford research institute
　air force office of scientific research
　arpa projects (see j.c.r licklider)
- engel bart : economics
　His company (?) → xerox parc → apple
- engel bart : genealogy
- engel bart : narrative strategies
- engel bart : othering ; the man / machine dichotomy

cf. David bowie, e.g. "the Jean Genie." (★★★★☆)
　










My Opinion

This week, (2008.3.21, Friday / Wednesday no class)
We talked about 'hyper text' & Engel bart.
But I am concerned about 'dada poem'. It is very interesting and wonderful.
I want challenge dada poem, it is must be beautiful thing.

We see a movie made by cut-up, it is very interesting, too.
A movie is Nike’s AD, celebrity appear that movie.
And he say ‘yes’ and ‘no’ again and again. That is a ‘cut-up’.

Engel bart’s invention give every facility for present-day global internet (≒ world wide web) and people’s cultural life.
I was surprised about that engel bart is live all the same.
He saw that internet’s developing, and he felt pride.
I envy he & his invention.



Actually,
I don’t understand this book about ‘engel bart and hyper text’, too.
Because this book was written by foreign, so everything was written in English.
So I think, I will read this book (augmenting human intellect) and ‘as we may think’, ‘welcome to the present’, again. (before middle exam, i-i)


And I look around home page (www.intermass.com/it081), and find next week’s topic ‘www’.
I think it (www) is very interesting topic.
Because ‘www’ have close connection with ‘hyper text’.

1st Summary

정보기술개론 20080312



'Welcome to the prosent'

* fruit fly (초파리)
- nuclear
- chromosome ; DNA <- Helix - Amino acid



[ Two Key Points ]

※ connect ↔ separate
※ Technologies 'embody-체화(化)' social, political, cultural, economic and philosophical ideas and relationships.





● egg white (yolk) → use on painting, on wall
○ car
[ connect ] place (1) interaction (car) interaction place (2)
[ separate ]
- inside : seat belt
- outside : walker




☺ 「Computer technology」 does not nexessarily start as silicon and gold (because it have fast transmission);
「Computer technology」 does not necessarily need to be implemented as hardware or software.


hypothesis → theory → principle


cf. goerge boole
charles babbage




※ switches & connectors










정보기술개론 20080314



microfilm selector → memex (memex is method)
thinking & speed → method
standard







above


hyper
---------------------- (surface)
hypo


below





hyper text
※ ted nelson
douglas engelbart
william burroughs
hyper text as art / art as hyper text
















☻ My opinion

I had studied about nuclear and DNA in biology, so I am very glad when I met this word.

Gold's transmission speed is very fast, but it is not using these days.
Because Gold is very costly and Gold is attended with danger of stolen.

So as soon as possible, Developing of a substitute for Gold have to done.
That substitute have fast speed and substitute's price is cheap.


I think, memex is convenient for use. But memex is not exist.
Because it is very costly, in that century.

Usually, I have a lot of concern about hyper text.
Hyper text is very wonderful and special.
I wanna study about hyper text, on this occasion.

I read the book 'As We May Think', but it was written in English, so I don't understand this book.
so next time, I will read that book, again.

I don't had experience that compose an opinion in English.
So I am clumsy.

Sorry.